Everything about Court Citation totally explained
»
Case citation is the system used in many countries to identify the decisions in past court cases, either in special series of books called
reporters or
law reports, or in a 'neutral' form which will identify a decision wherever it was reported. Although case citations are formatted differently in different jurisdictions, they generally contain the same key information.
Where cases are published in paper form the citation will usually contain:
- the title of the reports;
- the volume number;
- page number; and
- year of decision.
In some report series, for example in England and Australia, the volumes are not numbered independently of the year: thus the year and volume number (usually no greater than 4) are required to identify which book of the series has the case reported within its covers. In citations of this type it's usual in these jurisdictions for square
brackets "[
year]" to be applied to the year (which may not be the year that the case was decided: for example, a case decided in December 2001 may have been reported in 2002).
The Internet brought with it the opportunity for courts to publish their decisions on web sites. Decisions of many courts from all over the world can now be found through the website
WorldLII and its member institutes.
Most decisions of courts are not published in printed law reports. The expense of typesetting and publishing them has limited the printed law reports to the significant cases. Internet publishing of court decisions resulted in a flood of information. The result was that a medium-neutral citation system had to be adopted. This usually contains the following information:
year of decision
the abbreviated title of the court; and
the decision number (not the court file number)
Rather than utilizing page numbers for pin-point references, which would depend upon particular printers and browsers, pin-point quotes refer to paragraph numbers.
Australia
The standard case citation format in Australia is:
| Style of cause |
(year of decision) |
[yearof reporter] |
volume |
reporter |
(series) |
page |
| Mabo v Queensland (No 2) |
(1992) |
|
175 |
CLR |
|
1. |
Like in Canada, there has been divergence between citation styles. There exists commercial citation guides published by Butterworths and other legal publishing companies, academic citation styles and court citation styles. Each court in Australia may cite the same cases slightly differently. There is presently a movement in convergence to the comprehensive academic citation style of the Australian Guide to Legal Citation published by the Melbourne University Law Review.
Reports
| Abbreviation |
Reporter |
Years |
| AAR |
Administrative Appeals Reports |
- |
| ALJR |
Australian Law Journal Reports |
- |
| ALR |
Australian Law Reports |
1983 - |
| CLR |
Commonwealth Law Reports |
1903 - |
| FLC |
Family Law Cases |
| FLR |
Federal Law Reports |
- |
| NSWLR |
New South Wales Law Reports |
- |
| Qld R |
Queensland Reports |
- |
| VR |
Victorian Reports |
- |
Neutral citation
Australian courts and tribunals have now adopted a neutral citation standard for case law. The format provides a naming system that doesn't depend on the publication of the case in a law report. Most cases are now published on AustLII using neutral citations.
The standard format looks like this:
| Year of decision |
Court identifier |
Ordinal number |
| [2005] |
HCA |
1 |
So the above mentioned Mabo case would then be cited like this: [1992] HCA 23.
There is a unique court identifier code for most courts. The court and tribunal identifiers include:
==
Further Information
Get more info on 'Court Citation'.
|
External Link Exchanges
Do you know how hard it is to get a link from a large encyclopaedia? Well we're different and will prove it. To get a link from us just add the following HTML to your site on a relevant page:
<a href="http://case_citation.totallyexplained.com">Case citation Totally Explained</a>
Then simply click through this link from your web page. Our crawlers will verify your link, extract the title of your web page and instantly add a link back to it. If you like you can remove the words Totally Explained and embed the link in article text.
As long as your link remains in place, we'll keep our link to you right here. Please play fair - our crawlers are watching. Your site must be closely related to this one's topic. Any kind of spamming, dubious practises or removing the link will result in your link from us being dropped and, potentially, your whole site being banned. |
